The continuous surface representation of a raster dataset represents some measure, such as the height, concentration, or magnitude (for example, elevation, acidity, or noise level). The Interpolation tools create a continuous (or prediction) surface from sampled point values. The Hydrology tools can be applied individually or used in sequence to create a stream network or delineate watersheds. The Hydrology tools are used to model the flow of water across a surface. The Groundwater tools can be applied individually or used in sequence to model and analyze groundwater flow. The following topics provide background information on the theoretical aspects of the tools as well as some examples of their implementation. The Groundwater tools can be used to perform rudimentary advection-dispersion modeling of constituents in groundwater flow. The generalization analysis tools are used to either clean up small erroneous data in the raster or generalize the data to get rid of unnecessary detail for a more general analysis. You can also obtain the cell values for specific locations as an attribute in a point feature class or as a table. The Extraction tools allow you to extract a subset of cells from a raster by either the cells' attributes or their spatial location. ![]() ![]() Distance can be weighted by a simple cost (friction) surface, or in ways that account for vertical and horizontal restrictions to movement. The Distance tools allow you to perform analysis that accounts for either straight-line (Euclidean) or weighted distance. With the Density tools, you can calculate the density of input features within a neighborhood around each output raster cell. The conditions that can be applied are of two types, those being either queries on the attributes or a condition based on the position of the conditional statement in a list. The Conditional tools allow you to control the output values based on the conditions placed on the input values. The functional categories of Spatial Analyst are identified below. See the Spatial Analyst extension help to learn more about the product, its capabilities, and how to perform analysis with it. There is also a Raster Calculator available for entering simple Map Algebra expressions that generate an output raster. Traditional operations and workflows using Map Algebra can also be performed in the Python environment. With geoprocessing, operations in the Spatial Analyst toolbox can be performed through a Tool dialog box, Python (either at an interactive command line interface or with a script), or a Model. There are several ways to access Spatial Analyst functionality. The table at the end of this section lists all the available toolsets with a description of the capabilities offered by the tools in each. Knowing the categories will help you identify which particular tool to use. ![]() The capabilities of Spatial Analyst are broken down into categories or groups of related functionality. The ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension provides a rich set of spatial analysis and modeling tools for both raster (cell-based) and feature (vector) data.
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